Michael Corgan is a professor of international relations at Boston University. His area of expertise is Iceland. He served as Political Advisor to the Commander of the Iceland Air Defense Force. Corgan also was a member of the Navy for 25 years. Corgan has multiple published works including his most recent book Iceland and Its Alliances: Security for a Small State. Below is an interview I conducted via email with the professor.
1. Do you think the United States has been military imperialistic in its military expeditions post-World War II. If so, why?
No, I do not think that US military interventions, except for Panama and Granada in in the Caribbean, have been imperialistic, per se. Usually where the US has intervened militarily it has been for the maintenance of a certain world order according to principles articulated most fully by Woodrow Wilson in his speeches before and during the US entry into the first world war. Both Presidents Bush have been the most recent proponents of this sort of thing but virtually all post-WWI presidents, except perhaps Carter, have followed the same line.This world order is more than just a "world safe for democracy." An orderly world according to American standards is a world of commerce at which the US has excelled and dominated. There have been other claimants for a particular world order, by force if necessary, but none of these has shown much capacity for providing the material benefits of the US underwritten system. For example, any centralized economic system that can, among other things, get Germans to make cars as bad as the East German Trabants and Wartburgs has to be fundamentally flawed.Nor are US military interventions dictated by the quest for unrestricted access to cheap oil as many claim. Neither Korea, Vietnam, Somalia, Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan, nor Panama and Granada have any oil.If there has been any military imperialism in the classical sense, that is control of territory, it has been in the Caribbean. As for economic imperialism, a better case can be made. But even the iconic symbol of this, as denounced in the phrase "coca-colonization of the world," fails a closer examination. After all, no one is forced to drink Coke. The US has excelled at production for the masses and at mass marketing and that's where the imperialism, such as it is, lies.The US has a large and extraordinarily military capability and it is a toolbox ready to hand for a president to use when other modes of action would be far better. But a president ordering the military into some kind of action thus takes control of a situation from other actors in our foreign policy establishment looks more, well, presidential.
2 Assuming that you do believe that the United States has been overambitious in its military exploits, what have been the effects of this military enforcement of American hegemony? Are these effects positive, negative, or negligible?
There is a mixed record on US military intervention. Many powers privately like the US keeping some order in their parts of the world. As an example, the US bombing of Libya in 1982 was condemned by the other Arab governments but privately none of them was happy with Qaddafi's calls for "people of the Maghreb" to rise up and overthrow their illegitimate rulers. The same is true for other regions. None of the South American governments supported the US siding with the UK in the Falklands War but neither did they want Argentina to 'win.' The same with Iraq in 1992.On the other hand, there are unmitigated disasters like our second war in Iraq in 2003. The war, in my view, passed absolutely no test of legitimacy. It dismayed our allies (except Tony Blair) and created, and continues to create, more enemies for us. It also calls into question our judgment and our vaunted intelligence capabilities.This is a perfect example of what can happen when a country chooses not to play by the rules, most which it had originally insisted upon, in world politics.No one, after Saddam Hussein's failure in 1992, will take on the US in a conventional war. That leaves guerilla-type wars which are always long and given to a disproportionate number of innocent, non-combatant, victims, even if winnable. Even Sri Lanka has lately proven that.With the institution of the UN in 1945 the US had seemed to stand for rule of law in the world. Now that estimation of US intentions has been lost and it will be many decades, at best, before it can be recovered.
3. If American military interference continues on the same path it is now, what do you see as far as future international relations are concerned
If the US continues to use military force on its own - the Bush Doctrine - just because it can, we will have invited others to do the same. Example; Russia in its "near abroad" countries is doing what we have done in the Caribbean and says so. China will almost certainly be next.
4. What experiences do you have that makes you an expert in the field of International Realations?
I never call myself an 'expert.' That is an evaluation whereas 'specialist' is a description. I'll settle for that term.
I spent 25 years in the US Navy and my specialty there, when not looking for Soviet submarines or doing gunnery or being an adviser in Vietnam, was political-military relations. I spent several tours in NATO assignments including being the Political Advisor to the Commander of the Iceland Defense Force and served 7 years on the faculties of the National War College in DC and the Naval War College in Newport. Since then I have been on the faculty of BU's IR Department and my publications and lecturing have been on security matters and Nordic politics.
5. If you could pick one thing that the United States could do to restore its global image, what would it be?
With reservations, such as most countries regularly claim, sign and ratify three international treaties: the Anti-personnel Landmine Convention, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the International Criminal Court.
6. Do you believe that the Obama administration is making strides to improve the American image that he inherited when he came to office? If so, what are they?
Obama is interested and trying to do the right things but the domestic economy overrides everything else right now. One significant thing the has done on the international scene is getting the nuclear arms treaty with Russia. As a onetime nuclear weapons officer on a ship, I think the existence of as many nuclear weapons as there now are in the world is the most dangerous threat to world Peace and order.
7. What military action, covert or overt, has been the most detrimental to the perception of the United States?
The current Iraq war.
8. What do you think of my websites? Can you suggest any improvements
Be wary of too simple characterizations. As the German Chancellor Helmut Kohl once said, "All the easy problems have been solved. What is left are the hard ones." There are usually at least some plausible arguments for both sides of an issue.A personal example. I served in Vietnam twice and I am well aware that most Americans hold that we supported a dictatorship that the people didn't want. It was never that simple. After all, who ever in the North got to vote for Ho Chi Minh? Yes, the people there supported him but one could say it was the survivors who did. After all, he eliminated 60,000 people on his way to power. Could both sides be 'wrong?' I often think so. [BTW, there were atrocities on both sides, always the case in war] Intervention is a perilous business and we should hold back much more than we do.